Differential Equations

Essential formulas and concepts in differential equations

Exponential Growth/Decay

\(\displaystyle \frac{dy}{dt} = k\,y \quad\implies\quad y(t) = C\,e^{k t}\)

Variables:

  • \(y(t) is the quantity as a function of time t, k is the growth (k>0) or decay (k<0) rate constant, C is the initial amount y(0).\)

Description/Usage:

The differential equation states that the rate of change of \(y\) is proportional to its current amount. The solution is an exponential law. Examples: radioactive decay (negative \(k\)), population growth (positive \(k\)). The graph is an exponential curve increasing or decreasing over time.

Mathematical concept visualization

Simple Harmonic Motion (solution)

\(x'' + \omega^2 x = 0 \quad\implies\quad x(t) = A \cos(\omega t) + B \sin(\omega t)\)

Variables:

Description/Usage:

Mathematical concept visualization